How does diabetes affect the health of the gums?

Diabetes can have a considerable effect on the health of the gums. High blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels in the gums, reducing the blood supply. As a result, the tissues receive less oxygen and fewer nutrients, which makes it harder for inflamed gums to recover. Diabetes can also disrupt the function of white blood cells, lowering resistance to infection. People with diabetes therefore have an increased risk of gingivitis and periodontitis. The risk increases when blood sugar is not well controlled. Regular dental check-ups and intensive oral hygiene are essential for people with diabetes. The periodontist can recommend additional preventive measures to prevent inflammation. In type 1 and type 2 diabetes the oral health problems are similar, but the approach may differ. Managing diabetes well considerably reduces the likelihood of serious gum problems.