What causes a dry mouth?

A dry mouth (xerostomia) reduces saliva production and the protection it provides. Many medicines, such as antidepressants and antihistamines, cause it. Medical conditions such as diabetes or Sjögren's syndrome are other causes. Radiotherapy to the head and neck area can permanently damage the salivary glands. Dehydration, smoking and mouth breathing also contribute. Symptoms include difficulty swallowing and speaking, and loss of taste. A dry mouth increases the risk of cavities and gum problems. Artificial saliva, sugar-free chewing gum and drinking water frequently all help. Avoid mouthwashes containing alcohol, as they are drying. Regular dental visits are essential for preventive care.